Radiology and Imaging News

Bowel Wall Thickening on CT Scan Is a High Yield Colonoscopy Indication
Wall thickening in the Lower GI tract (WTLGIT) commonly presents a challenge to clinicians as there is the concern for neoplasia. We hypothesize that majority of the patients that have thickening are unlikely to have significant findings on colonoscopy. (Source: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatol...
2/21/2012 10:48:40 AM

Gold marker displacement due to needle insertion during HDR-brachytherapy for treatment of prostate cancer: a prospective cone beam computed...
Conclusions: Needle insertion in the prostate due to HDR-brachytherapy can lead to gold marker displacements. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the actual position of markers after the second HDR-brachytherapy. In case of significant deviations, a new DRR with the adjusted marker positions should...
2/19/2012 11:00:00 PM

NuSTAR Mated to its Rocket
NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) was mated, or attached, to its Pegasus XL rocket Feb. 17, 2012 at Vandenberg Air Force Base in central California. The mission's launch is now scheduled for no earlier than March 21 to allow the launch vehicle team an additional week to complete ...
2/19/2012 5:58:58 PM

X-rays illuminate the interior of the Moon
Unlike Earth, the moon has no active volcanoes. This is surprising as liquid magma is believed to exist deep inside the Moon. Scientists have now found that this hot, molten rock could actually be so dense that it is too heavy to rise to the surface. For this experiment, microscopic reproductions of...
2/19/2012 1:33:33 PM

ScienceShot: X-rays Paint Whole-Cell Portraits
Cellular “cat scans” reveal internal machinery without slicing and dicing (Source: ScienceNOW)
2/17/2012 5:59:11 PM

Video: X-rays Paint Whole-Cell Portraits
Cellular “cat scans” reveal internal machinery without slicing and dicing (Source: ScienceNOW)

MedWorm Message: Please support the Doctors In Chains campaign for the 2/17/2012 5:59:11 PM


Eosinophilic cholangiopathy
A 73-year-old man underwent excision of a mediastinal thymoma; preoperative liver biochemical test results were normal, and a white blood cell count was 6900/mm3 (normal 4000-10000/mm3) (neutrophils 4240/mm3 [normal 1500-7500]; eosinophils 480/mm3 [normal 40-500]). The patient presented with abdomin...
2/17/2012 11:37:25 AM

Personalized Medicine Via Implanted Orthopaedic Smart Device
Imagine a smart sensor customized to provide vital, real-time information about a patient's recent orthopaedic surgery. Instead of relying on X-rays or invasive procedures, surgeons will be able to collect diagnostic data from an implantable sensor. A study presented at the Orthopaedic Research Soci...
2/17/2012 2:00:00 AM

Superior Mesenteric Vein Aneurysm: A Case Report
A 46-year-old female was found to have a saccular superior mesenteric vein (SMV) aneurysm on computed tomography (CT) scan during workup for abdominal pain. It measured 3.5 cm in diameter. The SMV aneurysm was successfully resected, and the SMV was repaired with femoral vein patch angioplasty. She w...
2/16/2012 11:00:00 PM

Collection of solid and gaseous samples to diagnose inertial confinement fusion implosions
M. A. Stoyer, C. A. Velsko, B. K. Spears, D. G. Hicks, G. B. Hudson et al. Collection of representative samples of debris following inertial confinement fusion implosions in order to diagnose implosion conditions and efficacy is a challenging endeavor because of the unique conditions within the targ...
2/16/2012 10:52:53 PM

Large-aperture focusing of x rays with micropore optics using dry etching of silicon wafers
Large-aperture focusing of Al K_α 1.49 keV x-ray photons using micropore optics made from a dry-etched 4?in. (100 mm) silicon wafer is demonstrated. Sidewalls of the micropores are smoothed with high-temperature annealing to work as x-ray mirrors. The wafer is bent to a spherical shape to ... (Sourc...
2/16/2012 10:50:31 PM

Canada moves closer to producing Tc-99m without reactor
The Canadian Isotope Project, led by the Canadian Light Source and the National Research Council of Canada, and medical researchers in Winnipeg, Ottawa and Toronto, is set to scale up its work to production levels for making medical isotopes with x-rays from a particle accelerator instead of a nucle...
2/16/2012 2:21:13 AM

Effects of Different Reconstruction Parameters on CT Volumetric Measurement 
of Pulmonary Nodules
Conclusion Reconstruction algorithms and slice thicknesses have significant impacts on the volumetric measurements of lung nodules, especially for the small nodules. Therefore, the reconstruction setting in serial CT scans should be consistent in the follow-up of indeterminate pulmonary nodules, mor...
2/16/2012 1:20:41 AM

The Value of Extra-lung Lesions on 18F-FDG PET/CT 
in Improving Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
Conclusion Extra-lung lesions demonstrated on 18F-FDG PET/CT improved the diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer. Tuberculosis was identified as the most important reason for false positive diagnoses after modification by extra-lung lesions. DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2012.02.03 (Source: Chinese Jour...
2/16/2012 1:20:41 AM

Clinical Analysis of 45 Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Conclusion The rate of MPM misdiagnosis is high because most of the patients have untypical clinical symptoms. However, CT scan can provide an important basis for the diagnosis of MPM. The accurate diagnoses were based on pathological examinations and immunohistochemistry. The methods of treatment i...
2/16/2012 1:20:41 AM

Ultrasound a reliable alternative to x-rays for DDH screening
Clinicians can avoid exposing asymptomatic infants to ionizing radiation by substituting ultrasound for plain radiography as a reliable screening modality for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). New research allays clinicians’ growing concerns about using radiation in very young chil...
2/15/2012 11:00:00 PM

Why do geriatric outpatients have so many moderate and severe vertebral fractures? Exploring prevalence and risk factors
Conclusion: this study showed a very high prevalence of vertebral fractures in geriatric patients; particularly the high prevalence of moderate and severe fractures is remarkable. Because of this high prevalence, the routinely performed lateral X-ray of the chest should be used to look for vertebral...
2/15/2012 11:00:00 PM

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy as first line treatment for urinary tract stones in children: outcome of 500 cases
Conclusion  This study showed that SWL in pediatric age group for both renal and ureteral stone is cost effective, safe with an acceptable re-treatment rate; however children with large stone burden or previous urologic surgery have low success rate. Content Type Journal ArticleC...
2/15/2012 11:08:38 AM

Intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy in stereotactic surgery
Conclusions  This target and trajectory verification is feasible. Its accuracy seems comparable with MRI and CT. There is no additional time consumption. Irradiation is comparable with stereotactic X-ray. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Clinical ArticlePages 1-7DOI 10.1007/s...
2/15/2012 12:46:41 AM

Canadian Isotope Project enters final stretch
(Canadian Light Source, Inc.) A research project exploring the potential for making medical isotopes with X-rays from a particle accelerator instead of a nuclear reactor is about to move to the large scale. (Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health)
2/14/2012 11:00:00 PM

Usefulness of multiplanar reformation imaging to differentiate minute pneumothorax from perihepatic free air
The trunk of a 14-year-old boy was run over by a car. A physical examination revealed right upper abdominal tenderness. A CT scan of his thorax exhibited a minute pneumothorax in the bilateral thoracic cavities, right dorsal lung contusion, and a subcapsular haematoma inferior to the liver; a suspec...
2/14/2012 11:00:00 PM

Angry Patients Stuck With Big Medical Bills After “Bait And Switch”
BOSTON (CBS) – The national health care reform law requires insurance companies to cover 100% of the cost of screening tests for dozens of potentially deadly diseases. But thousands of patients are finding out the hard way that free doesn’t always mean free. When Jim Dungee had his first colon...
2/14/2012 10:28:25 PM

FDG-PET/CT helps manage retinoblastoma cancer
Optic nerve uptake at baseline on an FDG-PET/CT scan and response after neoadjuvant (more) (Source: AuntMinnie.com Headlines)

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2/14/2012 12:57:41 PM

Brain CT scan for pediatric minor accidental head injury. An Italian experience and review of literature
Conclusions  The best way to manage children with minor head trauma is still matter of debate. Loss of consciousness and scalp swelling are risk factors predicting brain injury that deserve CT control. The radiation risks posed by CT scanning in children must be balanced by the benefits....
2/14/2012 10:58:35 AM

Observation and simulation of hard x ray photoelectron diffraction to determine polarity of polycrystalline zinc oxide films with rotation d...
Jesse R. Williams, Igor Pis, Masaaki Kobata, Aimo Winkelmann, Tomohiro Matsushita et al. X ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) patterns of polar zinc oxide (ZnO) surfaces were investigated experimentally using hard x rays and monochromatized Cr Kalpha radiation and theoretically using a cluster mode...
2/14/2012 6:58:33 AM

Selective Computed Tomography and Angioembolization Provide Benefits in the Management of Patients with Concomitant Unstable Hemodynamics an...
Conclusions  Transarterial angioembolization is suggested in the management of patients with concomitant unstable hemodynamics and negative FAST examination results. During the time interval required for angiography preparation, a CT scan can be performed. This approach provides valuable...
2/14/2012 12:45:44 AM

Orthopaedic smart device provides personalized medicine
(Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS)) Imagine a smart sensor customized to provide vital, real-time information about a patient's recent orthopaedic surgery. Instead of relying on X-rays or invasive procedures, surgeons will be able to collect diagnostic data from an implantable sensor. A study prese...
2/13/2012 11:00:00 PM

Mammography before post-operative radiotherapy in conservatively managed breast cancer patients: is it useful?
Conclusions: No clear recommendation exists regarding post-operative mammography before adjuvant radiotherapy. In our experience, this strategy allowed for the detection of gross disease persistence after surgery which was not appreciated at clinical examination in 1 case out of 201. In this patient...
2/13/2012 11:00:00 PM

Sturge-Weber syndrome with bilateral facial nevus and early cerebral calcification
We report one such variant in a 14 months old child with bilateral facial nevus and bilateral curvilinear calcification. There was also global development delay and early onset of seizures reflecting the severe bilateral cortical changes. (Source: Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences)
2/12/2012 11:00:00 PM

Breast Implant on a Mammogram
What does a breast implant look like on your mammogram? See an image of a silicone breast implant on a mammogram. Learn why mammograms help with early detection and screening for breast cancer. (Source: About.com Breast Cancer)
2/11/2012 11:00:00 PM

Hand-held Dental X-Ray Units: FDA Safety Communication - Unreviewed Products May Not Be Safe or Effective
Products could potentially expose users and patients to unnecessary and potentially harmful X-rays. (Source: FDA MedWatch)
2/10/2012 8:30:00 PM

Osteochondroma of the temporomandibular joint: report of 2 cases emphasizing the importance of personalizing the surgical treatment
Conclusions: It is necessary to personalize the temporomandibular joint reconstructive options. (Source: Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics)
2/10/2012 6:26:33 PM

Patterns of intracranial hemorrhage in petrous temporal bone fracture
Abstract: Objective: To study the relationship pattern of intracranial hemorrhage in cases of traumatic petrous temporal bone fracture.Methods: All head injury cases admitted to the Emergency Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang, Malaysia in 2008 were assessed. Computerized tomography (C...
2/10/2012 6:26:25 PM

Tracking target position variability using intraprostatic fiducial markers and electronic portal imaging in prostate cancer radiotherapy
Conclusions  Prostate positional variability during a course of radiation treatment is strongly influenced by setup and organ motion. Organ tracking through fiducial markers and electronic portal imaging is able to reduce the spread of displacements, significantly contributing to improve...
2/10/2012 12:26:49 PM

Is the formula of Traub still up to date in antemortem blood glucose level estimation?
Abstract  According to the hypothesis of Traub, also known as the ‘formula of Traub’, postmortem values of glucose and lactate found in the cerebrospinal fluid or vitreous humor are considered indicators of antemortem blood glucose levels. However, because the lactate concentration incre...
2/10/2012 11:53:17 AM

FDA investigating illegal online sale of handheld dental X-ray units
The U.S Food and Drug Administration is warning dental and veterinary professionals to not purchase or use certain potentially unsafe hand-held dental X-ray units. The FDA is concerned that these devices may not be safe or effective and could expose the user and the patient to unnecessary and potent...
2/10/2012 9:16:00 AM

Hip Dysplasia Can Be Reliably Diagnosed By Ultrasound At 6 Months
Developmental dislocation (dysplasia) of the hip (DDH) is a common congenital condition in which a child's upper thighbone is dislocated from the hip socket. The condition can be present at birth or develop during a child's first year of life. Plain radiography (X-rays) has long been the gold standa...
2/10/2012 5:00:00 AM

DNA damage by X-rays and their impact on replication processes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that to improve radiotherapy, radiosensitivity in S phase could be increased by combining irradiation with agents that induce secondary DSB or inhibit checkpoint signaling, such as inhibitors of PARP or Chk1. PMID: 22326574 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Sourc...
2/9/2012 11:00:00 PM

Spin-dependent synchrotron x-ray excitations studied by scanning tunneling microscopy
V. Rose, T. Y. Chien, J. W. Freeland, D. Rosenmann, J. Hiller et al. The ability to position a sharp probe in close proximity to a sample while the surface is illuminated by synchrotron x-rays opens a path to localized spectroscopy and imaging with chemical and magnetic contrast. We have employed a ...
2/9/2012 7:13:14 PM

Masquerade: removing non-sample scattering from integrated reflection intensities
X-ray diffraction experiments at very low temperatures require samples to be isolated from atmospheric conditions and held under vacuum. These conditions are usually maintained via the use of beryllium chambers, which also scatter X-rays, causing unwanted contamination of the sample's diffraction pa...
2/9/2012 7:11:50 PM

Evaluation of heterogeneity dose distributions for Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) : Comparison of commercially available Monte Carlo dose c...
Conclusions: Our work clearly confirms that the actual practice of relying solely on a Clarkson algorithm may be inappropriate for SRT planning. Meanwhile, CCC and SP were close to XVMC simulations and actual dose distributions obtained in lung SRT. (Source: Radiation Oncology)
2/8/2012 11:00:00 PM

005 Intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke: experience in a developing country
Conclusions This study shows that it is feasible to set up an intravenous thrombolysis programme in a private sector hospital in a developing country and it is a safe procedure if the protocol is followed strictly. Three important barriers to thrombolysis have been identified: delay in emergency CT ...
2/8/2012 11:00:00 PM

Hemiarthroplasty versus angle-stable locking compression plate osteosynthesis in the treatment of three- and four-part fractures of the prox...
DiscussionBoth hemiarthroplasty and angle-stable locking compression plate osteosynthesis are used in the current treatment of dislocated three-and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus. There is a lack of level-1 studies comparing these two most-used surgical treatment options. This randomize...
2/8/2012 11:00:00 PM

Ultrasound can reliably diagnose hip dysplasia at age 6 months
(American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) Ultrasound is a reliable alternative imaging method to X-rays for diagnosing developmental dislocation (dysplasia) of the hip in 5- to 7-month-old children, according to new research presented today at the 2012 Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orth...
2/8/2012 11:00:00 PM

First Initial community-acquired meningitis due to Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase complicated with multiple aor...
We report the first case of E. coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase community-acquired meningitis complicated with multiple aortic mycotic aneurysms. Because of the acute aneurysm expansion with possible impending rupture on 2 abdominal CT scan, the patient underwent prompt vascular surge...
2/8/2012 11:00:00 PM

Major Study Finds Miscarriage Risk Higher for Nurses...
January 27, 2012 - A recent study published by the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology has found the rate of spontaneous abortion in nurses who handle chemotherapy drugs to be twice that in nurses who did not handle these drugs. Past studies have yielded similar results, but this study, do...
2/8/2012 8:39:58 PM

Role of contrast enhanced ultrasound in radiofrequency ablation of metastatic liver carcinoma
Conclusion  CEUS played an important role in RFA for liver metastases by candidate selecting and therapy planning, which helped to improve the outcome of the treatment. Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticlePages 44-51DOI 10.1007/s11670-012-0044-8Authors Jin-yu W...
2/8/2012 11:46:43 AM

Tracheobronchial mucoid pseudotumor
We report such a case presenting as a pseudo-tumor in an elderly population. The plug was easily removed with a flexible bronchoscope. Microscopically, neither malignant cells nor microbial agents were present in the mucoid plug, confirming the diagnosis of a mucoid pseudotumor. If a collection o...
2/8/2012 11:41:04 AM

Electromagnetically induced transparency with resonant nuclei in a cavity
Authors: Ralf Röhlsberger, Hans-Christian Wille, Kai Schlage & Balaram Sahoo The manipulation of light–matter interactions by quantum control of atomic levels has had a profound impact on optical sciences. Such manipulation has many applications, including nonlinear optics at the few...
2/7/2012 11:00:00 PM

Quantum optics: Controlling the light
Authors: Bernhard W. Adams Means to access and manipulate X-rays have been developing at a slow pace. But quantum-optical effects in ensembles of nuclei offer a way to tackle the control of this energetic radiation. See Letter p.199 (Source: Nature)
2/7/2012 11:00:00 PM

Depression recognition using resting-state and event-related fMRI signals
Abstract: Purpose: This paper aimed to develop a method for depression detection using blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response estimated from event-related signals and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals together.Materials and Methods: Thirteen patients with unipo...
1/20/2012 12:00:00 AM

Assessment of MRI issues for the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis
Abstract: Objective: The objective was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) issues (magnetic field interactions, heating, artifacts and functional alterations) at 1.5 T and 3 T for the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis (Second Sight Medical Products, Sylmar, CA, USA).Materials and Methods: Standar...
1/20/2012 12:00:00 AM

Lateral diffusion in equimolar mixtures of natural sphingomyelins with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine
Abstract: Cellular membranes of mammals are composed of a complex assembly of diverse phospholipids. Sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are important lipids of eukaryotic cellular membranes and neuronal tissues, and presumably participate in the formation of membrane domains, known as “...
1/19/2012 12:00:00 AM

The diagnostic accuracy of MRI for the detection of partial- and full-thickness rotator cuff tears in adults
Abstract: This study assessed the diagnostic test accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of partial- and full-thickness rotator cuff tears in the adult population. A systematic review was conducted of the following electronic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled ...
1/19/2012 12:00:00 AM

Variations in T2* and fat content of murine brown and white adipose tissues by chemical-shift MRI
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose was to compare T2* relaxation times and proton density fat-fraction (PDFF) values between brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissue in lean and ob/ob mice.Materials and Methods: A group of lean male mice (n=6) and two groups of ob/ob male mice placed on similar 4-week...
1/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

A preliminary study of blood-oxygen-level-dependent MRI in patients with chronic kidney disease
Abstract: Background: Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide regional measurements of oxygen content using deoxyhemoglobin paramagnetic characteristics. The apparent relaxation rate or R2*(=1/T2*) can be determined from the slope of log (intensity) versus ec...
1/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

Modeling shear modulus distribution in magnetic resonance elastography with piecewise constant level sets
Abstract: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is designed for imaging the mechanical properties of soft tissues. However, the interpretation of shear modulus distribution is often confusing and cumbersome. For reliable evaluation, a common practice is to specify the regions of interest and conside...
1/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

Simultaneous 3D localization of multiple MR-visible markers in fully reconstructed MR images: proof-of-concept for subsecond position tracki...
Abstract: Purpose: To determine whether a greatly reduced spatial resolution of fully reconstructed projection MR images can be used for the simultaneous 3D localization of multiple MR-visible markers and to assess the feasibility of a subsecond position tracking for clinical purposes.Materials and ...
1/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

Depth and orientational dependencies of MRI T2 and T1ρ sensitivities towards trypsin degradation and Gd-DTPA2− presence in articular cartila...
Abstract: Depth and orientational dependencies of microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 and T1ρ sensitivities were studied in native and trypsin-degraded articular cartilage before and after being soaked in 1 mM Gd-DTPA2− solution. When the cartilage surface was perpendicular to B0, a typi...
1/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

Classification of breast mass lesions using model-based analysis of the characteristic kinetic curve derived from fuzzy c-means clustering
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the representative characteristic kinetic curve of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extracted by fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering for the discrimination of benign and malignant breast tumors u...
1/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

The effect of gradient sampling schemes on diffusion metrics derived from probabilistic analysis and tract-based spatial statistics
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose was to systematically evaluate the effect of diffusion gradient encoding scheme on estimated fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and the voxel-wise probability of identifying crossing fibers in the brain.Materials and Methods: Eight healthy volunteers (me...
1/16/2012 12:00:00 AM

Partial least squares for discrimination in fMRI data
Abstract: Multivariate methods for discrimination were used in the comparison of brain activation patterns between groups of cognitively normal women who are at either high or low Alzheimer's disease risk based on family history and apolipoprotein-E4 status. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was pr...
1/9/2012 12:00:00 AM

Temperature mapping in bread dough using SE and GE two-point MRI methods: experimental and theoretical estimation of uncertainty
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D)-SE, 2D-GE and tri-dimensional (3D)-GE two-point T1-weighted MRI methods were evaluated in this study in order to maximize the accuracy of temperature mapping of bread dough during thermal processing. Uncertainties were propagated throughout each protocol of measurement...
1/9/2012 12:00:00 AM

Hepatic parenchymal enhancement at Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging: correlation with morphological grading of severity in cirrhosis and chro...
Abstract: The aim was to clarify whether enhancement effects of the liver parenchyma in the hepatobiliary phase (HP) of gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MR imaging were correlated with the morphological grading of the severity in cirrhosis. A total o...
1/9/2012 12:00:00 AM

Investigating tumor perfusion and metabolism using multiple hyperpolarized 13C compounds: HP001, pyruvate and urea
Abstract: The metabolically inactive hyperpolarized agents HP001 (bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-[1-13C]cyclopropane-d8) and urea enable a new type of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging based on a direct signal source that is background-free. The addition of perfusion information to metabolic information...
12/14/2011 12:00:00 AM

Mapping of muscle deformation during heating: in situ dynamic MRI and nonlinear registration
Abstract: We present developments in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging that allow internal structural muscle markers to be followed during heating. This monitoring is based on quantitative characterization of the experimental conditions and their temperature time course. A nonlinear image registrat...
12/2/2011 12:00:00 AM

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